- I-Google ishintsha isu layo futhi izothuthukisa i-Android ngaphakathi kuphela, igcine i-AOSP njengendawo yokugcina izinto kodwa ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi sangempela.
- Ikhodi yomthombo izoqhubeka nokukhishwa ngaphansi kwamalayisensi omthombo ovulekile, kodwa kuphela ngemva kokuba inguqulo ngayinye yesistimu yokusebenza isiqediwe.
- Umphakathi wabathuthukisi abazimele nabakhiqizi ulahlekelwa ukufinyelela okuqondile kunqubo yokudala, okwenza kube nzima ukubamba iqhaza nokuqapha.
- Umgomo we-Google uwukwenza lula inqubo yokuthuthukisa nokugwema ukungqubuzana kwezobuchwepheshe phakathi kwamagatsha omphakathi nawangasese.
Kusukela yasungulwa ngo-2007, i-Android izethule njengendlela ehlukile evulekile nesebenzisanayo kwezinye, izinhlelo zokusebenza zamaselula ezivaliwe kakhulu. Lolu hlobo luvumele imiphakathi yonjiniyela, abakhiqizi nabanye abadlali be-ecosystem ukuthi babambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuveleni kwayo. Nokho, I-Google isanda kumemezela ushintsho olukhulu impela: Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Android ngeke kusaba umthombo ovulekile.
Umdondoshiya wezobuchwepheshe ukuqinisekisile lokho Konke ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Android kuzokwenziwa ngaphakathi kusuka manje. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinguqulo zesikhathi esizayo zizothuthukiswa ngokukhethekile i-Google kanye nozakwethu abanamalayisensi athile, njenge-Samsung noma i-Motorola, futhi leyo ntuthuko ngeke isagadwa ngesikhathi sangempela umphakathi noma onjiniyela bangaphandle.
Ukusuka ekuthuthukisweni okuvulekile kuya ekulawuleni okumaphakathi
Kuze kube manje, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Android kwakuhlukaniswe ngamagatsha amabili: Iphrojekthi ye-Android Open Source (AOSP), efinyeleleka esidlangalaleni, kanye nenguqulo yangaphakathi ephethwe i-Google ehloselwe abakhiqizi abasebenzisa i-Google Mobile Services (GMS). Lesi sakhiwo esimbaxambili sivumele onjiniyela abaningi ukuthi baphakamise izibuyekezo, bafunde ukuqhubeka kwesistimu, noma benze ama-ROM wangokwezifiso wamadivayisi amadala. Isibonelo, amanye amadivaysi ashintshiwe athembele ohlelweni Volla Ucingo.
Kusukela manje, lokhu kuvulwa kuzongena emlandweni. I-Google izoqhubeka nokushicilela ikhodi yomthombo, kodwa kuphela uma izinguqulo ezintsha seziqediwe. I-Android, isusa ukufinyelela okuqhubekayo okwakutholakala ngaphambilini kunqubo yokuthuthukisa. I-AOSP izoqhubeka nokuba khona, kodwa njengohlobo 'lwengobo yomlando yokugcina' kunethuluzi lokusebenza lansuku zonke.
Lolu shintsho luphakamise ukukhathazeka okuthile phakathi kwalabo ababekwazisa ukubeka izinto obala nokusebenzisana okuvulelekile njengezinsika eziyisisekelo ze-Android ecosystem. Nakuba i-Google iluthethelela ushintsho ngezizathu zobuchwepheshe—okungukuthi, yenza umsebenzi ube lula futhi ugweme izingxabano zokuvumelanisa phakathi kwamagatsha—, Iqiniso liwukuthi isilinganiso sinciphisa kakhulu ukubonakala nokubamba iqhaza kwangaphandle.
Ama-ROM wangokwezifiso namaphrojekthi aseceleni njenge-LineageOS, ethembele ekufinyeleleni ngaphambi kwesikhathi ikhodi, ingalimala. Lezi zindlela ezihlukile ngokuvamile zinikeza ukuphila kwesibili kuma-smartphone namathebulethi ayeke ukuthola izibuyekezo ezisemthethweni, ngakho-ke ikusasa lawo lingase libe sengcupheni uma ukushiyeka phakathi kokukhishwa nokushicilelwa kwekhodi kuba kude kakhulu.
Umthelela konjiniyela nabakhiqizi abazimele
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yokusebenza ye-Google kudala indawo lapho abakhiqizi abancane, onjiniyela abazimele, nezinkampani ezifana ne-Amazon zingabamba iqhaza, zivumelanise i-Android nezidingo zazo, noma zivele zithole isaziso kusengaphambili ngezinguquko ezizayo. Lo mthamo usuzokhawulelwa. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Amazon, ezisebenzisa i-AOSP kumathebulethi azo e-Fire, kuzodingeka zilinde i-Google ukuthi ikhiphe inguqulo ngayinye yokugcina ukuze ivumelane nayo, okungaholela ekubambezelekeni okukhulu.
Futhi, Abathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza bazophinde baqaphele izinguquko, nakuba ngezinga elincane. Nakuba bezoqhubeka nokufinyelela kuma-API omphakathi uma eseshicilelwe, balahlekelwa amandla okulindela izinguquko futhi balungiselele ukukhishwa okuzayo kusukela ngesikhathi beqala ukuhlela.
I-Google iyasivikela lesi sinqumo ayihlose ukuvala ngokuphelele isiteji, kodwa esikhundleni sokuthuthukisa izinsiza zabantu nezobuchwepheshe. Ngokusho kwale nkampani, ukugcina amagatsha amabili azimele kuholele ekutheni kube nokuphindaphindeka kanye nezingxabano ngokukhishwa ngakunye, okuyinto kade befuna ukuyigwema. Ngakho-ke, bagxilisa imizamo yabo kulayini owodwa, ozimele wokuthuthukisa, ngokuzibophezela kokuqhubeka nokushicilela ikhodi ekupheleni komjikelezo ngamunye.
I-AOSP: isihluleki esikhulu semodeli entsha
El Iphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile ye-Android isalokhu iphila ngokobuchwepheshe, kodwa ilahlekelwa okuningi kokusebenza kwayo. Ngokuyeka ukuba yinqolobane yokusebenza yesikhathi sangempela, iba ingobo yomlando equkethe kuphela ikhodi yokugcina. Lokhu kuyigalelo elikhulu kulabo abasebenzisa i-AOSP njengomthombo wogqozi, njengesisekelo sokuhlola, noma njengendlela yokuhlaziya izenzo ze-Google.
Imithombo yezindaba yezobuchwepheshe nayo izobona amathuba azo encipha. Ngeke besakwazi ukuhlaziya izibophezelo noma amazwibela ekhodi kumakhosombe asesidlangalaleni ukuze balindele izici noma izinguquko ekukhishweni okuzayo. Izici ezitholwe ngaphambilini ezigabeni zokuqala, njengemodi yekhamera yewebhu ku-Pixel noma izilungiselelo zobumfihlo ku-Android 16, ngeke zisabonakala kuze kube yilapho isimemezelo esisemthethweni.
Konke lokhu kuqinisa isikhundla esiphezulu se-Google ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem yayo. Ngokulawula zonke izinyathelo zentuthuko futhi ikhawulela ukufinyelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, inkampani iqinisekisa ukuthi izici ezintsha zethulwa ngemigomo neshejuli yayo. Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzuzise ngokombono wangaphakathi wokusebenza kahle, abaningi bakubona njengokulahlekelwa ingqikithi eyenza i-Android yagqama kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ingabe i-Android isamahhala? Kuya ngokuthi uyibheka kanjani
Omunye wemibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngemva kwalesi simemezelo ukuthi ingabe i-Android izohlala iyisistimu yomthombo ovulekile ngempela. Impendulo iyinkimbinkimbi. Yebo, ikhodi izoqhubeka nokushicilelwa ngaphansi kwamalayisensi avuliwe., kodwa ukuntuleka kokufinyelela kunqubo yokuthuthukiswa ngokwayo kusho ukuthi ukubambisana akukho embuzweni.
Ikhodi yomthombo ye-Linux kernel ye-Android izohlala inelayisensi ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-GPLv2, futhi izinguqulo zokugcina zesistimu yokusebenza zizoqhubeka nokushicilelwa ku-AOSP. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvulwa kuzoba okusemthethweni kunokusebenza, kusukela Onjiniyela ngeke bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa noma ukulungiselela izici ngaphambi kokukhishwa, noma uphakamise intuthuko ngesikhathi sangempela.
Lokhu kuguquguquka kusikhumbuza ukunyakaza okungokomlando kwamanye amaphrojekthi lapho ikhodi yayivulwe ngokobuchwepheshe, kodwa inqubo yayo yokudala ayisavunyelwe ukuxhumana nomphakathi. Ngandlela thize, I-Android iyasuka ekubeni isistimu ephilayo nesebenzisanayo futhi iba ngomkhiqizo osuphelile ovele ukhululwe emhlabeni lapho usuqediwe.
Kunokukhathazeka futhi ukuthi lesi sinyathelo singase sibe yisinyathelo sokuqala esibheke imodeli evaliwe nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo. Nakuba i-Mountain View ithi ayifuni ukuncintisana nefilosofi yezinkundla ezivalwe ngokuphelele njenge-iOS, abanye ochwepheshe besaba ukuthi le modeli entsha izobeka isisekelo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuvaleke nakakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ushintsho olumaka ngaphambi nangemuva
Okucacayo ukuthi Imodeli entsha ishintsha kakhulu ubudlelwano be-Google nomphakathi we-Android. Abasebenzisi abajwayelekile ngeke bawubone umthelela oqondile ezimpilweni zabo zansuku zonke. Izibuyekezo zizoqhubeka nokufika nge-OTA njengaphambilini. Onjiniyela, abakhiqizi abazimele, nabathandi bokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo abazobona iminyango eminingi ivaliwe kubo.
Lesi sinyathelo, nakuba siphikiswana ngaso ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, sinemithelela edlula ukusebenza kahle. Ibuza ibhalansi phakathi kokuvuleleka nokulawula. Kusiphoqa ukuthi sicabange kabusha ukuthi iyiphi indima yobuchwepheshe engadlalwa noma okufanele iyibambe ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkundla zomhlaba. Ukuvela kwesistimu yokusebenza esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni manje kungena esigabeni esisha. Lokhu kuzophawulwa ngokubona, ukufakwa endaweni eyodwa futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, ukuhoxa.