Uma ukhangwa umbono wokuphatha indawo ye-GNU/Linux ephaketheni lakho, I-termux Guqula ifoni yakho ephathekayo ibe itheminali esebenzayo enamaphakheji angempela nemiyalo ejwayelekile. Emaminithini ambalwa, ungasuka ekubeni nelukuluku uye ekubeni nesistimu lapho Zulazula kumafolda, shintsha imisebenzi, hlela amafayela, hlela futhi uphathe amasevisi ngaphandle kokuthinta impande yocingo.
Lo mhlahlandlela uzokuqondisa ezintweni eziyisisekelo kusukela ekuqaleni: ukufakwa okunconyiwe, ukusethwa kwendawo, imiyalo ebalulekile nethuthukisiwe, abahleli bombhalo, ukuphathwa kwephakheji, i-SSH, iseva yewebhu, namaphakheji engeziwe esithombe, ividiyo, noma umbhalo. Uzothola izinqamuleli, amaqhinga, nezisombululo zamaphutha ajwayelekile ukwenza ukuzizwisa kwakho kushelele ngangokunokwenzeka. iyashesha, ivikelekile futhi iyakhiqiza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqala namuhla noma uvela ku-Linux yedeskithophu.
Iyini i-Termux futhi kungani kufanelekile ukuyisebenzisa?
I-Termux iwuhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala nomthombo ovulekile olulingisa itheminali ye-Linux ku-Android futhi ihlinzeka nomphathi wayo wephakheji. Ngamanye amazwi, uzoba namathuluzi afana git, vim, python, openssh, curl noma nodejs ayikho impande nokusebenza okumangalisayo kumadivayisi wesimanje.
Inzuzo yayo enkulu ngaphezu kwamanye ama-emulators i-ecosystem yephakheji esekelwe ku-apt (futhi ilawuleka ngomyalo i-pkg), okuvumela ukuthi ufake yonke into kusukela kubahleli kuya kumathuluzi okuxhumana nokuthuthukisa imitapo yolwazi ngemizuzwana. Ngenxa yale ndlela, uhlelo lokusebenza lulungele ukufunda ukuphela, setha amaseva amancane, imibhalo yohlelo, hlola okuzenzakalelayo, noma phatha imishini ekude.
Enye inzuzo ukuhlukaniswa kwayo nohlelo lwe-Android: I-Termux isebenza endaweni yayo yomsebenzisi, inciphisa ubungozi futhi ikwenze kube lula ukuyihlola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphakathi okhuthele kakhulu ugcina imibhalo, izinqolobane kanye nezinsiza ezandisa amathuba abo futhi zixazulule imibuzo evame ukubuzwa.
Uma uke wafuna "ukwenza i-Linux" kudivayisi ephathwayo, nakhu ukugeleza komsebenzi okuhambisanayo ukwenza yonke into ihambe kahle, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo: ukusuka ekuzuleni izinkomba kanye nokuhlela amafayela kuya ezinsizeni zokuqala, sebenzisa i-SSH, umhubhe, noma usebenzise i-distros egcwele ngaphakathi kwe-Android.
Ukufaka okulungile ku-Android nezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuqala
Indlela engcono kakhulu namuhla ukufaka i-Termux esuka ku-F-Droid, lapho izinguqulo ezibuyekeziwe zishicilelwa khona. Iya kuwebhusayithi ye-F-Droid, landa i-APK, futhi uyifake. Bese, ngaphakathi kwe-F-Droid, thola i-Termux bese ufaka inguqulo yakamuva ezinzile. gwema izinguqulo ezindala noma ezisikiwe ngezinye izikhathi kuvela ku-Google Play Isitolo.
Lapho nje uvula uhlelo lokusebenza, buyekeza isizindalwazi sephakheji nezinto ezifakwe ngaphambili. Qalisa le miyalo futhi uqinisekise lapho utshelwa: apt update && apt upgrade -yUkwenza ekuqaleni kuvimbela amaphutha kamuva futhi kukuqinisekisa izinsiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu endaweni yakho yokusebenza.
Nikeza ukufinyelela kusitoreji ngokuqalisa termux-setup-storage. Ingxoxo yemvume ye-Android izovela: yamukele ukuze uthole izixhumanisi eziqondile zokulanda, izithombe, umculo, njll., futhi usebenzise ngokunethezeka amafayela avela efonini ngokwayo kusuka kutheminali ngokusebenzisa imizila engaphakathi ~/storage/.
Iqhinga lempilo elincane: nika amandla ukhiye we-Tab ebonakalayo uma ungaveli kukhibhodi yakho. Kumadivaysi amaningi, ungabamba iVolume + bese, ngaphakathi kwe-Termux, ucindezele uhlamvu Q ukuze unike amandla ukhiye owengeziwe osebenza njengokhiye we-Tab, osiza kakhulu ukuqedela ngokuzenzakalela imizila namaphakheji.
Ukusuka lapha, ungasebenzisa i-terminal ukuze ifinyelele amandla ayo aphelele. Khumbula isinqamuleli esiwusizo: Ctrl + C ukumisa umyalo osebenzayo futhi I-Ctrl + Z ukuyimisa, okuzokongela ikhanda elingaphezu kwelilodwa ngenkathi uhlola izinsiza.
Isakhiwo sefolda nezindlela eziwusizo ku-Android
I-Termux ibeka uhla lwemibhalo yakho yasekhaya /data/data/com.termux/files/home (iyatholakala futhi njenge $HOME). Lapha yilapho uzofuna ukulondoloza khona imibhalo, amaphrojekthi, nezilungiselelo. Ukuze ufinyelele amafolda abelwe e-Android, ngemva kokunikeza izimvume nge termux-setup-storage, unayo ~/storage/. Ngaphakathi uzothola izinqamuleli zokuthi okulandwayo, izithombe, umculo, amamuvi nokwabelwana ngakho, ukuze ukwazi ukuhambisa, ukuhlela futhi ukopishe amafayela ngaphandle kokuhlupheka.
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine ukuhleleka nokuvikeleka. Isibonelo, kuwumkhuba omuhle ukusebenza kuwo $HOME nemibhalo yakho bese uyivumelanisa nayo I-GitHub noma i-GitLab, ngenkathi idatha ofuna ukuyishintsha nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza noma ukwabelana ne-PC ungaya kuyo ~/storage/downloads ukuze bahlale beseduze.
Uma ulahleka, umyalo pwd ikhombisa lapho ukhona, futhi ls -la Uzobona okuqukethwe okuningiliziwe, okuhlanganisa nokuqukethwe okufihliwe. Ngokuhambisana namathuluzi afana tree (iyafakeka nge pkg install tree) ungabuka lonke uhlelo ngokubuka nje, okuwusizo lapho uphatha amaphrojekthi anamafolda amaningi.
Imiyalo ebalulekile nokuphathwa kwefayela okuthuthukile
Ukuze uhambe kalula, kubalulekile ukufaka ngaphakathi izinto eziyisisekelo: ls uhlu lwamafayela, cd shintsha uhla lwemibhalo, pwd ikhombisa umzila wamanje, clear hlanza isikrini, futhi man vula usizo oluhlanganisiwe, isibonelo man ls. Zama okuhlukile njengokufana ls -l, ls -a o ls --color=auto ukuze thola imininingwane nemibala lokho kwenza ukufunda kube lula.
Ukudala nokuphatha okuqukethwe kuqondile ngendlela efanayo: touch notas.txt ikhiqiza ifayela elingenalutho; mkdir proyectos dala ifolda; echo "Hola" > hola.txt bhala umbhalo ngokubhala ngaphezulu futhi echo "más" >> hola.txt engeza ekugcineni. Buka okuqukethwe nge cat noma uthintane nomugqa wokuqala nowokugcina head y tail isiza ukuhlola izingodo kanye nokucushwa ngokushesha.
Ukuze ukopishe noma uhambise, sebenzisa cp y mv: cp fichero.txt copia.txt, cp -r carpeta1 carpeta2, mv notas.txt notas_antiguas.txt. Isincomo: Engeza amafulegi okuvikela njenge cp -n (ungabhali ngaphezulu), mv -i (buza ngaphambili) noma ulwazi njengokuthi -v ukwazi ukuthi yini ekopishiwe noma ehanjisiwe, ukunciphisa izingozi ukubhala ngaphezulu okungafunwa.
Ukusesha, find . -name "*.jpg" ithrekhi ngephethini. Futhi, uma udinga ukuthola umbhalo ngaphakathi kwamafayela, grep ungumlingani wakho: yizame grep -R "cadena" . ukusesha okuphindiwe. Kanye awk y wc Ungahlunga amakholomu noma ubale imigqa, amagama nezinhlamvu, wenze kube lula ukuhlaziya idatha ngokushesha kutheminali ngokwayo.
Uzobhekana nokucindezelwa. unzip archivo.zip khipha i-ZIP, tar -xf fichero.tar iphatha itiyela, kanye nezinsiza ezifana gzip, bzip2 o 7z (iyafakeka) inweba ukuhambisana kwefomethi. Ukuze ususe, khumbula: rm archivo susa ifayela; rm -r carpeta/ susa izinkomba; futhi rm -rf carpeta akwenza ngaphandle kokucela, asebenzise ngokuhlakanipha ngoba akusekho ukubuyela emuva.
Emkhakheni wenethiwekhi, ifconfig o ip addr bonisa ukuxhumana nama-IP. Lokhu kubalulekile lapho usetha ukuxhumana kwe-SSH, unikeza okuqukethwe kunethiwekhi yakho yasendaweni, noma izinsiza zokuhlola nge curl, wget y ncat, amathuluzi enza lula i ukulungisa iphutha kwama-API namachweba ngaphandle kokushiya iselula yakho.
Umphathi wephakheji kanye nezinsiza ezibalulekile
Umlingo we-Termux ukhanya ngomphathi wayo wephakheji. Ungayisebenzisa ngokushintshana. pkg o apt ukuze ufake, ubuyekeze, futhi useshe izinsiza. Sicela uhlole kuqala nge pkg search nombre futhi uma usucacile, faka nge pkg install paquete ukukhulisa amakhono osheshayo.
Izincomo zokuqala: pkg install nano (umhleli olula), pkg install vim (Mhleli onamandla), pkg install openssh (SSH), pkg install python (Python scripting), pkg install git (ukulawula inguqulo) kanye pkg install coreutils (izinsiza ezibalulekile uma bezingekho kakade). Konke lokhu kukushiya ulungele ukubhala imibhalo, ama-clone repos, xhuma kumaseva bese uzenzakalela.
Ngale kokuncane, kukhona amaphakheji aphakamisa ukuhamba komsebenzi wakho: man okwemanyuwali, imagemagick ukucubungula izithombe, ffmpeg njengombese webutho laseSwitzerland lomsindo/ividiyo, mc (I-Midnight Commander) uma ukhetha imenenja yefayela yohlobo lwephaneli, noma bash-completion yokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela ngobuhlakani egobolondweni.
Ukuqapha kanye nezinqubo, htop inikeza umbono ocacile wesistimu, ngenkathi top Inketho elula kakhulu. Nge pkill ungabulala izinqubo ngegama, futhi tmux ikuvumela ukuthi uphathe amaseshini etheminali amaningi ngokuhambisana, alungile uma usebenza amaseva asebenza isikhathi eside noma imisebenzi Kusuka ocingweni.
Uma udinga ukukhweza amasistimu wefayela elikude, sshfs Ikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele uhla lwemibhalo komunye umshini nge-SSH, lusebenza sengathi ngezasendaweni. Nosesho olushesha kakhulu, updatedb y locate Bagcina isizindalwazi ukuze bathole amafayela ngokuphazima kweso, into ewusizo kakhulu kuyo amaphrojekthi adinga izinsiza.
Abahleli betheminali: I-Nano ne-Vim ngaphandle kokwesaba
Uzodinga ukuhlela amafayela njalo: ukucupha, imibhalo, namanothi. I-Nano iqondile futhi ilula: nano archivo.txt vula, uhamba nemicibisholo bese uphuma ngayo Ctrl + X (gcina lapho ebuzwa). Ilungele ukuqalisa nokwenza izinguquko ezisheshayo ngaphandle kwejika lokufunda.
I-Vim ifuna kancane, kodwa ibuyisela amandla nesivinini. Vula nge vim archivo.txt; cindezela i ukufaka imodi yokufaka, Esc ukuphuma kumodi evamile futhi usebenzise :wq ukugcina nokuphuma noma :q uma ungafuni ukulondoloza. Njengoba uthuthuka, ungenza ngendlela oyifisayo izinqamuleli, ukugqamisa kwe-syntax, namamakhro, alungele ukuhlela okujulile nokuhlela.
Ngemibhalo namachashazi, i-Vim inikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu, nakuba i-Nano isahamba phambili ekulungiseni okushisayo. Khetha umhleli okusebenzela kangcono; okubalulekile wukuhlanganisa nenqubo yakho futhi uthole ulwazi. isivinini lapho ubhala futhi uhlela Kusuka ocingweni.
Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo nokuzenzakalela: Iziteketiso, ukwaziswa, kanye nemibhalo ku-Bash
Ifayela ~/.bashrc inkundla yakho yokudlala. Ungachaza iziteketiso njenge alias updg="apt update && apt upgrade" ukufinyeza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo. Ungaphinda ulungise ukwaziswa ngokushintsha okuguquguqukayo PS1, Ngokwesibonelo PS1=":\w$ ", ukuze itheminali ikubonise umzila wamanje futhi unendawo ulwazi oluthe xaxa futhi luhlanzekile.
Ukudala imibhalo kuyindaba yamaminithi. Vula ifayela, isibonelo nano mi_script.sh, engeza i-shebang efanelekile nemiyalo yakho, gcina, bese unikeza izimvume nge chmod +x mi_script.sh. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke ungakwazi ukuyisebenzisa ./mi_script.sh nokwenza amakhophi, imibiko, ukuvumelanisa noma imisebenzi yesondlo.
Ukuqalisa okujwayelekile kombhalo we-Bash kungase kubukeke kanje: #!/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/bash. Ukusuka lapho, engeza izimo, amaluphu, nemisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, eziguquguqukayo like nombre="Juan"; uma: if [ "$edad" -ge 18 ]; then echo "Eres mayor de edad"; fi; a for loop: for f in *.txt; do echo "$f"; cat "$f"; done; noma imisebenzi efana saludar() { echo "Hola $1"; }Ngalokhu ungakha izinsiza zangokwezifiso zempilo yakho yansuku zonke.
Uma unentshisekelo yokuhlela ngale kwe-Bash, ukuba python efakiwe ivula umnyango wemibhalo eyinkimbinkimbi, izicelo ze-HTTP nge curl o requests, kanye nama-automation anama-API. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nge git Uhumusha umsebenzi wakho futhi uwuvumelanise nama-repos akude, avala umbuthano oqine kakhulu kuwo ukukhiqiza kweselula.
I-SSH nokufinyelela okukude: lawula ifoni yakho ku-PC yakho
Nge-OpenSSH ungaxhuma kusuka kukhompyutha uye ku-Termux yakho. Okokuqala faka nge pkg install openssh. Bese-ke, uma ufuna ukuvikeleka okuphezulu, yenza ipheya yokhiye ku-PC yakho bese ukopisha esesidlangalaleni kumakhalekhukhwini wakho (isibonelo njenge termux.pub en ~/storage/downloads/). Bese wengeza ku ~/.ssh/authorized_keys no: cat ~/storage/downloads/termux.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys ukuze sikwazi ngena ngemvume ngaphandle kwephasiwedi.
Qala iseva nge sshd (ungayimisa nge pkill sshd) futhi uthole i-IP yeselula nge ifconfig. Uma ukhetha igama lomsebenzisi-iphasiwedi, setha eyodwa nge passwd. Kusuka ku-PC yakho, xhuma kanje: ssh usuario@direccion-ip -p 8022 (I-8022 iyimbobo ezenzakalelayo ku-Termux). Ukusuka lapho ungathayipha ngokukhululeka ngekhibhodi ephathekayo, udlulise amafayela nge scp o sftp bese ugijima ukuhamba komsebenzi okude ngaphandle kokuthinta iselula.
Ukuhambisa amafayela, izibonelo nge scp: khuphuka scp archivo.txt usuario@ip:/destino/; download scp usuario@ip:/origen/archivo.txt ./. Uma ukhetha ukuvumelanisa okuqinile nokuhlukile, rsync Kuhle, futhi nge sshfs Ungakwazi ukukhweza isistimu yefayela leselula ku-PC yakho noma ngokuphambene nalokho ukuze isebenze njengokungathi bekunjalo ifolda yendawo.
I-on-the-fly iseva yewebhu kanye nezinsiza zenethiwekhi
Ukuhlola noma ukwabelana ngamafayela kunethiwekhi yangakini, kalula pkg install python bese python -m http.server 8080 kufolda oyifunayo. Iyafinyelela http://IP-del-movil:8080 Ukusuka kwenye idivayisi, uzobona lawo mafayela anikeziwe. Ilungele ukuqinisekiswa okusheshayo nokukhushulwa ama-prototypes ewebhu ngemizuzwana ngaphandle kokufaka okunye.
Endaweni yenethiwekhi/yokuvikela, i-Termux isekela amathuluzi abalulekile okuqeqeshwa nokucwaninga amabhuku ezindaweni ezigunyaziwe, njenge nmap (ukuskena kwenethiwekhi), openssl (ukubethela kanye ne-TLS/SSL), netcat/ncat (ukuhlolwa kwechweba kanye nesevisi) noma tmux (amaseshini amaningi). Khumbula ukuthi izinsiza ezifana hydra o sqlmap Kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela ngemvume ecacile kumalabhorethri noma ezindaweni ezilawulwayo, ngokuhlonishwa izinhlaka zezomthetho nezokuziphatha.
Uma uthanda ubumfihlo, ungafaka tor con pkg install tor futhi uyigijime nayo tor ukuze uthole ithrafikhi yomzila futhi, uma kunesidingo, usethe amasevisi .anyanisi. Enye inketho yokudalula isevisi yasendaweni okwesikhashana ukusebenzisa amathaneli ohlobo lwe-ngrok, awusizo uma ufuna ukukhombisa idemo yangaphandle ngaphandle kokuvula izimbobo kumzila, njalo ukucushwa kokwazi ukuphepha.
Amabhothi, ama-API, kanye Nokuzenzakalela Okuxhunyiwe
Ukwakha amabhothi eTelegramu noma ukuhlanganiswa okuncane nama-API kuwumsebenzi ongokwemvelo kakhulu ku-Termux. Nge curl ngezicelo ze-HTTP kanye jq ukucubungula i-JSON (pkg install jq curl) ungathumela izaziso, uphendule imiyalo noma uhlanganise iselula ekugelezeni komsebenzi ukuqapha nokulawula abahlala emafini.
Ukhiye ukuthokheni ye-bot kanye nemibhalo ebhaliwe elawula amaphoyinti, eqinisekisa izimpendulo, futhi isebenzise ingqondo. Xuba i-Bash nePython uma ikufanele: sebenzisa iPython nge-logic eyinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-Bash yeglue yohlelo, uzuze izixazululo ezingasindi ezisebenza ngo-24/7, ezisekelwa i-tmux noma i-cronie ukuze kwenziwe okuhleliwe.
Amathiphu ansuku zonke, izinqamuleli, nokuxazulula izinkinga
Uma unamaphutha emvume ngamafayela e-Android, hlola lokho okulungisile. termux-setup-storage nokuthi unikeze izimvume kokuthi Izilungiselelo Zesistimu. Hlala usebenza ngaphakathi ~/storage/ kumafayela abelwe agwema izimanga, nokugcina amaphakheji esesikhathini samanje pkg update && pkg upgrade uyakukhulula ukungahambisani nokwehluleka abangabazi.
Kukhibhodi, uma ungaboni Ithebhu, yenza kusebenze inketho eshiwo (Ivolumu + kanye no-Q). Ukuze ukopishe/unamathisele, sebenzisa imenyu yokuqukethwe kwe-Android noma izinketho ze-Termux ngokucindezela isikhathi eside esikrinini. Futhi isincomo esibalulekile: ungazikhawuli ngokukopisha-namathisela; ukuqonda okwenzayo kunciphisa amaphutha futhi kukunikeza amathuluzi okwenza xilonga izinkinga uwedwa.
Izinqamuleli ezenza umehluko: qedela ngokuzenzakalela nge-Tab, umlando ngemicibisholo yaphezulu/phansi kanye nokusesha umyalo nge Ctrl + R. Amazwana ahambisana nomlingiswa # emibhalweni yakho, futhi uzenzele nge- cronie Uma udinga imisebenzi yezikhathi ezithile. Gada izinqubo nge htop futhi ugcine imisebenzi eminingana ihambisana nayo tmux ukuze kungabi khona okuphazamisayo amaseshini amade.
Uma ufuna indawo enemifanekiso, kuyenzeka ukuthi usebenzise iseva ye-VNC noma i-X11 ngokucushwa okwengeziwe. Akuphoqelekile, kodwa kungaba usizo kumathuluzi adinga i-GUI. Noma kunjalo, inhloso ye-Termux ukuthola okuningi kutheminali, ekunikeza ukukhanya, ukulawula kanye nesivinini kudivayisi ephathekayo.
Qedela i-Linux ngaphakathi kwe-Android nge-proot-distro
Uma udinga ukuya phambili, i-proot-distro ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ukusatshalaliswa okuphelele ngaphakathi kwe-Termux, njengo-Ubuntu, i-Debian, i-Kali, noma i-Alpine. Lokhu kukunikeza abaphathi bephakheji be-distro ngayinye (i-apt, i-apk, i-dnf, njll.) futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ufake isofthiwe okungenzeka ingabi ku-Termux repos. Kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuhlola, ukuzilolonga, nokwandisa. amakhono okuthuthukisa noma okucwaninga ngaphandle kwezimpande.
Ijika lokufunda likhona, kunjalo, kodwa ngembuyiselo uthola "ilebhu yeselula" ephelele yokufunda, ukulungiselela amademo, noma izindawo zokuzalanisa. Ngokusebenzisa kahle imibhalo, i-SSH, ne-automation, ifoni yakho iba umshini womsebenzi wangempela ohambisana nawe yonke indawo. ukuguquguquka okumangazayo.
Ukuze uvale iluphu, cabanga ukuvumelanisa eyakho $HOME ngama-Git repos, amachashazi ayisipele, futhi ugcine imiyalo neziteketiso ezingaguquki kuwo wonke amadivayisi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulisebenzisa kuphi, igobolondo lakho liziphatha ngendlela efanayo futhi lenza kahle kakhulu, okuthinta ngokuqondile igobolondo lakho. ukukhiqiza nokuzethemba lapho usebenza.
I-Termux inikeza isisekelo se-Linux esingasephaketheni esinokufakwa kalula nge-F-Droid, imiyalo ejwayelekile, amaphakheji anamandla, ukuhlelwa kombhalo owuketshezi, i-SSH, iseva yewebhu esheshayo, amathuluzi okuphepha ezemfundo, okuzenzakalelayo nge-Bash nePython, kanye nenketho yokusebenzisa i-distros egcwele; ngokuzijwayeza okuncane, i-Android yakho iba indawo enemisebenzi eminingi yokufunda, ukudala, nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza. xazulula imisebenzi yangempela noma ngabe ukuphi.